腹部CT扫描

定义

腹部CT扫描是一种成像方法. This test uses x射线s to create cross-sectional pictures of the belly area. CT代表计算机断层扫描.

选择的名字

Computed tomography scan - abdomen; CT scan - abdomen; CT abdomen and pelvis

如何执行测试

You will lie on a narrow table that slides into the center of the CT scanner. Most often, you will lie on your back with your arms raised above your head.

一旦你进入扫描仪，机器就 x射线 光束绕着你旋转. Modern spiral scanners can perform the exam without stopping.

A computer creates separate images of the belly area. 这些被称为切片. These images can be stored, viewed on a monitor, printed on film or saved to a disk. Three-dimensional models of the belly area can be made by stacking the slices together.

You must be still during the exam, because movement causes blurred images. You may be told to hold your breath for short periods of time.

在许多情况下，腹部CT是用 骨盆CT.

扫描时间不超过30分钟.

如何准备考试

You need to have a special dye, called contrast, put into your body before some exams. Contrast helps certain areas show up better on the scans. 对比可以通过多种方式进行. 如:

• Contrast can be given through a vein (IV) in your hand or forearm. 如果使用对比, you may also be asked not to eat or drink anything for 4 to 6 hours before the test.
• You may have to drink the contrast before the exam. When you drink it will depend on the type of exam being done. Contrast has a chalky taste, although some are flavored so they taste a little better. The contrast you drink will pass out of your body through your stools and is harmless.

Let your health care provider know if you have ever had a reaction to contrast. You may need to take medicines before the test to safely receive this substance.

在接受对比之前, tell your provider if you take the diabetes medicine metformin (Glucophage). People taking this medicine may have to stop taking it for a while before the test.

Let your provider know if you have any kidney problems. 静脉造影剂会使肾功能恶化.

重量太大会损坏扫描仪. Find out if the CT machine has a weight limit if you weigh more than 300 pounds (135 kg).

You will need to take off your jewelry and wear a hospital gown during the study.

考试的感觉如何

Lying on the hard table may be a bit uncomfortable.

If you have contrast through a vein (IV), you may have:

• 轻微的灼烧感
• 口中有金属味
• 身体温热潮红

These feelings are normal and go away within a few seconds.

为什么要进行测试

An abdominal CT scan makes detailed pictures of the structures inside your belly very quickly.

这个测试可以用来寻找:

• 尿中带血的原因
• 引起腹部疼痛或肿胀
• Cause of abnormal blood test results such as liver or kidney problems
• 疝
• 发烧的原因
• 肿块和肿瘤，包括癌症
• 感染或受伤
• 肾结石
• 阑尾炎

异常结果意味着什么

The abdominal CT scan may show some cancers, including:

• 肾盂或输尿管癌
• 结肠癌
• 肝细胞癌
• 淋巴瘤
• 黑素瘤
• 卵巢癌
• 胰腺癌
• 嗜铬细胞瘤
• 肾细胞癌 (肾癌)
• Spread of cancers that began outside the belly

The abdominal CT scan may show problems with the gallbladder, liver, or pancreas, including:

• 急性胆囊炎
• 酒精性肝病
• 胆石病
• 胰腺脓肿
• 胰腺假性囊肿
• 胰腺炎
• 胆管阻塞

The abdominal CT scan may reveal the following kidney problems:

• 肾脏阻塞
• 肾盂积水 (尿液回流导致肾脏肿胀)
• 肾脏感染
• 肾结石
• 肾脏或输尿管损伤
• 多囊肾病

异常结果也可能是由于:

• 腹主动脉瘤
• 脓肿
• 阑尾炎
• 肠壁增厚
• 克罗恩病
• 肾动脉狭窄
• 肾静脉血栓形成

风险

CT扫描的风险包括:

• 对比染料过敏
• 暴露于辐射
• 造影剂对肾功能的损害

CT scans expose you to more radiation than regular x射线s. Many x射线s or CT scans over time may increase your risk for cancer. 然而，任何一次扫描的风险都很小. Most modern scanners are able to reduce the radiation exposure. Talk to your provider about this risk and the benefit of the test for getting a correct diagnosis of your medical problem.

有些人对造影剂过敏. Let your provider know if you have ever had an allergic reaction to injected contrast dye.

The most common type of contrast given into a vein contains iodine. 如果你对碘过敏，你可能有 恶心或呕吐, 打喷嚏, 瘙痒, or 荨麻疹 如果你得到这种对比. If you must be given such contrast, your provider may give you 抗组胺药 (如苯海拉明)或类固醇.

肾脏帮助排出体内的静脉注射染料. You may need extra fluids after the test to help flush the iodine out of your body if you have kidney disease or diabetes.

Rarely, the dye may cause a life-threatening allergic response. Tell the scanner operator right away if you have any trouble breathing during the test. Scanners come with an intercom and speakers, so the operator can hear you at all times.

参考文献

Al Sarraf AA, McLaughlin PD, Maher MM. Current status of imaging of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Adam A, Dixon AK, Gillard JH, Schaefer-Prokop CM, eds. 格兰杰 & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology: A Textbook of Medical Imaging. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 18.

莱文女士，戈尔女士. Diagnostic imaging procedures in gastroenterology. 参见:Goldman L, Schafer AI主编. Goldman-Cecil医学. 26日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 124.

马丁内斯摩根大通. 腹部疼痛. In: Walls RM，编辑. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 10日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 23.