Blood pressure measurement

Definition

当你的心脏将血液泵入全身时，血压是对动脉壁受力的测量.

You can measure your blood pressure at home. 你也可以在你的医疗保健提供者的办公室甚至是消防站检查它.

Alternative Names

Diastolic blood pressure; Systolic blood pressure; Blood pressure reading; Measuring blood pressure; Hypertension - blood pressure measurement; High blood pressure - blood pressure measurement; Sphygmomanometry

How the Test is Performed

Sit in a chair with your back supported. Your legs should be uncrossed, and your feet on the floor.

Your arm should be supported so that your upper arm is at heart level. Roll up your sleeve so that your arm is bare. Be sure the sleeve is not bunched up and squeezing your arm. If it is, take your arm out of the sleeve, or remove the shirt entirely.

你或你的十大赌博平台排行榜会把血压袖带紧紧地包裹在你的上臂上. The lower edge of the cuff should be 1 inch (2.5 cm) above the bend of your elbow.

• The cuff will be inflated quickly. 这可以通过抽挤灯泡或按下设备上的按钮来完成. You will feel tightness around your arm.
• 接下来，稍微打开袖带的阀门，让压力慢慢下降.
• 当血压下降时，记录下第一次听到脉搏声时的读数. This is the systolic pressure.
• As the air continues to be let out, the sounds will disappear. The point at which the sound stops is recorded. This is the diastolic pressure.

袖带充气过慢或没有充气到足够高的压力可能会导致错误的读数. 如果瓣膜太松，你就无法测量血压.

The procedure may be done two or more times.

How to Prepare for the Test

Before you measure your blood pressure:

• 休息至少5分钟，10分钟更好，然后测量血压.
• DO NOT take your blood pressure when you are under stress, have had caffeine or used tobacco in the past 30 minutes, or have exercised recently.

Take 2 or 3 readings at a sitting. Take the readings 1 minute apart. Remain seated. 当你自己测量血压时，注意读数的时间. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会建议你在一天中的特定时间阅读.

• 一个典型的方法是在早餐和晚餐前测量血压，持续5天.
• 这将给你至少10个读数，并将帮助你的十大赌博平台排行榜决定你的血压治疗.

How the Test will Feel

当血压袖带膨胀到最高水平时，你会感到轻微的不适.

Why the Test is Performed

高血压没有症状，所以你可能不知道你是否有这个问题. 高血压通常是由于另一个原因在就诊期间被发现的, such as a routine physical exam.

发现高血压并及早治疗有助于预防心脏病, stroke, eye problems, or chronic kidney disease. 所有18岁及以上的成年人都应该定期测量血压:

• Once a year for adults aged 40 years and older
• Once a year for people at increased risk for high blood pressure, including people who are overweight or obese, African Americans, and those with elevated blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg or higher
• 18 - 39岁，血压低于120/80毫米汞柱，无其他危险因素的成年人，每3 - 5年一次

你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会根据你的血压水平和其他健康状况建议更频繁地进行筛查.

Normal Results

Blood pressure readings are usually given as two numbers. For example, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会告诉你你的血压是120/80(写为120/80毫米汞柱). One or both of these numbers can be too high.

正常血压是指最高值(收缩压)低于120，最低值(舒张压)低于80(写为120/80毫米汞柱)。.

What Abnormal Results Mean

If your blood pressure is 120-129/80, you have elevated blood pressure.

• 十大赌博平台排行榜会建议你改变生活方式，使你的血压降至正常范围.
• Medicines are rarely used at this stage.

If your blood pressure is 130/80 or higher but lower than 140/90 mm Hg, you have Stage 1 high blood pressure. 在考虑最佳治疗方案时，您和您的十大赌博平台排行榜必须考虑:

• If you have no other diseases or risk factors, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会建议改变生活方式，并在几个月后重复测量.
• 如果你的血压保持在130/80或更高，但低于140/90毫米汞柱, your provider may recommend medicines to treat high blood pressure.
• If you have other diseases or risk factors for heart disease, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能更有可能推荐治疗高血压的药物和改变生活方式.

如果你的血压在140/90毫米汞柱或更高，你就患有ii期高血压. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜很可能会建议你开始服药并改变生活方式.

Most of the time, high blood pressure does not cause symptoms.

Considerations

你的血压在一天的不同时间有所不同是正常的:

• It is usually higher when you are at work.
• It drops slightly when you are at home.
• It is usually lowest when you are sleeping.
• It is normal for your blood pressure to increase suddenly when you wake up. In people with very high blood pressure, this is when they are most at risk for a heart attack and stroke.

在家测的血压读数可能比在十大赌博平台排行榜办公室测的更能测量你当前的血压.

• Make sure your home blood pressure monitor is accurate.
• 让你的十大赌博平台排行榜比较一下你在家里和办公室里的读数.

许多人在十大赌博平台排行榜的办公室会感到紧张，他们的读数比在家里要高. This is called white coat hypertension. Home blood pressure readings can help detect this problem.

References

American Diabetes Association website. 10. 心血管疾病和风险管理:糖尿病医疗护理标准-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Supplement_1):S144–S174. diabetesjournals.org/care/article/45/Supplement_1/S144/138910/10-Cardiovascular-Disease-and-Risk-Management.

Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019年ACC/AHA心血管疾病一级预防指南:美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会临床实践指南工作组的报告. Circulation. 2019;140(11);e596-e646. PMID: 30879355 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30879355/.

American Heart Association (AHA), American Medical Association (AMA). Target: BP. targetbp.org. Accessed July 25, 2022.

Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW. Examination techniques and equipment. In: Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, eds. Seidel's Guide to Physical Examination. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 3.

Bakris GL, Sorrentino MJ. Systemic hypertension: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine.12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 26.

Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA预防指南, detection, evaluation, 和成人高血压的管理:美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会临床实践指南工作组的报告. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(19):e127-e248. PMID: 29146535 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29146535/.